Advances in Biomarkers for Early Detection and Precision Management of Alzheimer&#039;s Disease

Miri, Monireh-Sadat; Taleahmad, Sara; Alibeik, Hengameh; Bahramali, Golnaz

Volume 13, Issue 2 (June 2026) Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2026, 13(2): 0-0 | Back to browse issues page

Ethics code: IR.IAU.TNB.REC.1401.028

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Miri M, Taleahmad S, Alibeik H, Bahramali G. Advances in Biomarkers for Early Detection and Precision Management of Alzheimer's Disease. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2026; 13 (2)
URL: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-576-en.html

Advances in Biomarkers for Early Detection and Precision Management of Alzheimer's Disease

Monireh-Sadat Miri¹

, Sara Taleahmad²

, Hengameh Alibeik¹

, Golnaz Bahramali³

1- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. , s.taleahmad@gmail.com
3- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran.

Abstract: (33 Views)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, yet its diagnosis has historically relied on clinical symptoms that often appear only after substantial neuronal damage has occurred. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in identifying reliable biomarkers that reflect the underlying pathological processes of AD, including amyloid deposition, tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. This review provides a comprehensive overview of established and emerging biomarkers, including cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based markers, neuroimaging techniques, and genetic indicators. Special attention is given to transformative, minimally invasive options, such as plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and exosome-derived molecules. We explore their clinical performance, integration into current diagnostic guidelines, and ongoing challenges related to assay standardization across analytical platforms, accessibility, and clinical implementation, as well as the promise of multimodal and digital approaches. By bridging validated tools with cutting-edge innovations, this article aims to support researchers and clinicians in achieving more precise, scalable, and equitable diagnosis and monitoring of AD, particularly as disease-modifying therapies become more widely available.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyloid, Biomarkers, Blood-based biomarkers, Cerebrospinal fluid, Exosomes, National Institute on Aging–alzheimer's association criteria, Phosphorylated tau217, Positron emission tomography, Tau

Article Type: Review Article | Subject: Learning and Memory, Dementia, Alzheimer
Received: 2025/12/4 | Accepted: 2026/04/26 | Published: 2026/06/20

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