Volume 12, Issue 4 (November 2025)
Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2025, 12(4): 185-193 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1400.332
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Jokar L, Khayatan F, Golparvar M. Comparing the Effectiveness of the Schema-based Parenting Training Program Integrated with Transactional Analysis (ST-TA) with Parenting Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the Preschool Children's Behavioral Problems and Assertiveness. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2025; 12 (4) :185-193
URL: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.html
URL: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-551-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2- Department of Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. ,f.khayatan@iau.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. ,
Abstract: (271 Views)
Background and Objective: Parenting is one of the most critical and complex responsibilities in human life. The current research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of schema-based parenting training program integrated with transactional analysis (ST-TA) with parenting based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the preschool children’s behavioral problems and assertiveness.
Materials and Methods: This experimental research was designed with a pre-test-post-test, two-month follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included all the mothers of preschool children in Isfahan city in the winter of 2024, who have visited primary schools and counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran. In order to sample 54 mothers of children aged 3-6 years based on the entry and exit criteria, three groups were purposefully selected for the implementation of the semi-experimental design. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (18 people in each group). Questionnaires assessing behavioral problems and self-expression in preschool children were administrated at the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software (version 22).
Results: The research findings indicated a significant effectiveness of the ST-TA intervention for mothers of preschool children in reducing their children's behavioral problems and increasing their assertiveness (p=0.001). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between the measurement steps in the two experimental and control groups (p=0.001). Regarding the comparison of two approaches, the ST-TA has increased children's assertiveness with stronger effects. However, regarding the reduction of behavioral problems, no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups (p=0.01).
Conclusions: These results have remained stable over time. Therefore, the use of these two parenting methods at treatment and educational centers for families and preschool children can be considered to improve behavior outcomes and assertiveness.
Materials and Methods: This experimental research was designed with a pre-test-post-test, two-month follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population included all the mothers of preschool children in Isfahan city in the winter of 2024, who have visited primary schools and counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran. In order to sample 54 mothers of children aged 3-6 years based on the entry and exit criteria, three groups were purposefully selected for the implementation of the semi-experimental design. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (18 people in each group). Questionnaires assessing behavioral problems and self-expression in preschool children were administrated at the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post-hoc test in SPSS software (version 22).
Results: The research findings indicated a significant effectiveness of the ST-TA intervention for mothers of preschool children in reducing their children's behavioral problems and increasing their assertiveness (p=0.001). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between the measurement steps in the two experimental and control groups (p=0.001). Regarding the comparison of two approaches, the ST-TA has increased children's assertiveness with stronger effects. However, regarding the reduction of behavioral problems, no significant difference was found between the two experimental groups (p=0.01).
Conclusions: These results have remained stable over time. Therefore, the use of these two parenting methods at treatment and educational centers for families and preschool children can be considered to improve behavior outcomes and assertiveness.
Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Assertiveness, Parenting, Problem Behavior, Schema Therapy, Transactional Analysis
Article Type: Research Article |
Subject:
Mother and child health
Received: 2025/11/29 | Accepted: 2026/02/3 | Published: 2026/05/15
Received: 2025/11/29 | Accepted: 2026/02/3 | Published: 2026/05/15
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