Volume 12, Issue 4 (November 2025)
Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2025, 12(4): 222-228 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.TMU.REC.1403.429
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Shoaa F, Hassani S F. The Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Psychological Maladjustment in Individuals with Sensory Disabilities, Mediated by Frustration Tolerance and Social Support. Avicenna J Neuro Psycho Physiology 2025; 12 (4) :222-228
URL: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-536-en.html
URL: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-536-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Psychology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,f.hassani@iautmu.ac.ir
2- Department of Psychology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (65 Views)
Background and Objective: Psychological hardiness and adjustment play pivotal roles in determining the quality of life of individuals with sensory disabilities. Although their importance is widely recognized, the precise mechanisms linking these factors remain unclear. This study examined the mediating roles of frustration tolerance and social support in the relationship between psychological hardiness and psychological maladjustment among individuals with sensory disabilities.
Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive-analytic correlational design, this study recruited a convenience sample of 300 individuals with sensory disabilities (visual or hearing impairments) receiving services at welfare centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2024. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring psychological hardiness, psychological adjustment, frustration tolerance, and social support. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling (SEM) conducted in Smart PLS software were employed to assess direct and indirect relationships among the variables.
Results: Psychological hardiness showed a significant direct negative association with psychological maladjustment (p<0.001), indicating that higher hardiness was associated with lower maladjustment (i.e., better psychological adjustment). Both frustration discomfort (higher Harrington Frustration Tolerance Questionnaire scores indicating lower actual frustration tolerance) and social support significantly mediated the relationship between hardiness and maladjustment (p<0.001).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the critical contributions of psychological hardiness, frustration tolerance, and social support to psychological adjustment in individuals with sensory disabilities. They underscore the need for therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions that simultaneously strengthen hardiness, enhance frustration tolerance, and build robust social support networks to foster greater resilience and well-being.
Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive-analytic correlational design, this study recruited a convenience sample of 300 individuals with sensory disabilities (visual or hearing impairments) receiving services at welfare centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2024. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring psychological hardiness, psychological adjustment, frustration tolerance, and social support. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling (SEM) conducted in Smart PLS software were employed to assess direct and indirect relationships among the variables.
Results: Psychological hardiness showed a significant direct negative association with psychological maladjustment (p<0.001), indicating that higher hardiness was associated with lower maladjustment (i.e., better psychological adjustment). Both frustration discomfort (higher Harrington Frustration Tolerance Questionnaire scores indicating lower actual frustration tolerance) and social support significantly mediated the relationship between hardiness and maladjustment (p<0.001).
Conclusions: These findings highlight the critical contributions of psychological hardiness, frustration tolerance, and social support to psychological adjustment in individuals with sensory disabilities. They underscore the need for therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions that simultaneously strengthen hardiness, enhance frustration tolerance, and build robust social support networks to foster greater resilience and well-being.
Article Type: Research Article |
Subject:
Health Education and Promotion
Received: 2025/08/13 | Accepted: 2026/02/20 | Published: 2025/11/23
Received: 2025/08/13 | Accepted: 2026/02/20 | Published: 2025/11/23
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