OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of Transactional Analysis Approach Group Training on Psychological Capitals and the Temptation of Methadone-Treated Addicts Background and Objective: Drug addiction is one of the health and social challenges of the present age, and psychological capital is among the protective factors in its prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Transactional Analysis (TA) approach group training on psychological capitals and the temptation of methadone-treated addicts. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all methadone-treated addicts in addiction treatment clinics in Mashhad, Iran. Out of this population, 30 cases were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) using the random replacement method. The data were then collected through Luthans's Psychological Capitals and Wright's Craving Beliefs Questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21) through univariate and multivariate covariance.  Results: The findings showed that the TA approach had a positive and significant effect on psychological capitals and its components (self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism) (P<0.001). It also had a significant effect on reducing the temptation of the recurrence of methadone-treated addicts (P<0.001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the TA approach group training can help decrease methadone-treated addicts’ psychological problems, and it can be used in counseling and addiction treatment centers http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-332-en.pdf 2021-11-25 167 171 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.100 Addicts Psychological capital Temptation Transactional analysis approach Masoumeh Forghani haydeforghani@gmail.com 1 Department of Psychology, Torbat-e Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-3986 Alireza Rajaei rajaei.46@iautj.ac.ir 2 Department of Psychology, Torbat-e Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-1638 Mohammad Hossein Bayazi bayazi@hotmail.com 3 Department of Psychology, Torbat-e Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Jam, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-265X
OTHERS_CITABLE Effectiveness of Choice Theory Training on Suicidal Tendency Background and Objective: Suicide is not an uninvited guest entering unannounced rather it always occurs following a previous background. Suicide is interpreted as an action in order to accredit life or give up everything. Suicide happens because of determinism or full anxiety and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Choice Theory training on the suicidal tendency of first high school male students in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all boys of the first high school in Sonqor County, Kermanshah Province, Iran, in the academic year of 2017-18. According to available statistics, about 500 students were studying at six male high schools from which one high school was selected randomly. After implementing the Multiple Attitude Questionnaire of suicidal tendency in adolescents, 30 students were divided into two groups (15 cases per group) randomly. The obtained data were then analyzed through single-variable and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of this study showed that the implementation of the Choice Theory Education to first high school male students influenced their suicidal tendency (P<0.01), and suicidal tendency decreased in the students of the experimental group. Furthermore, the results from the comparison of the attraction to death at posttest in two groups by controlling the pretest effect indicated no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the attraction to death scores (F=0.175; P<0.01). Conclusions: Considering the findings, this intervention is a suitable method to modify the behavior and improve adaptation in male students.     http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-338-en.pdf 2021-10-13 172 177 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.101 Choice theory Suicide Mohammad Soroush Agah mohammad.agah2008@gmail.com 1 Psychologist, MS, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-7848 Mohammad Esmail Ebrahimi Mse_2007@yahoo.com 2 Psychologist, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-6915 Ali Sahebi asahebi@gmail.com 3 Psychologist, Ph.D., William Glasser Institute, Sydney, Australia AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-8998 Mohammad-Kazem Zarabian H_zarabian@yahoo.com 4 Psychologist, Ph.D., Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-3033
OTHERS_CITABLE Protective effect of swimming and genistein on the expression of microRNA 132, insulin growth factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes, as well as spatial memory, in the hippocampus of diabetic ovariectomized rats Background and Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effects of the combined use of exercise and genistein on the hippocampal expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in type 2 diabetic ovariectomized rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar female rats in the weight range of 180-220 gr (n=10) were assigned to six groups: sham, ovariectomy, ovariectomized diabetic, ovariectomized diabetic treated with genistein for eight weeks, diabetic ovariectomized treated with swimming for eight weeks, and a group that was treated with both genistein and swimming for eight weeks. The effect of those treatments was assessed by the determination of microRNA-132, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels within the hippocampus. These genes were evaluated by real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and spatial memory was assessed by the Morris water maze. Results: Ovariectomy demonstrated a decrease in the expression of microRNA-132, IGF-1, and BDNF in the hippocampus, as well as spatial memory, in diabetic ovariectomized rats, which showed a  greater reduction in the expression of those genes in rats (P<0.05). Nevertheless, genistein administration, swimming training, and a combination of them significantly up-regulated microRNA-132, BDNF, and IGF-1 expression, as well as spatial memory (P<0.05). Conclusions: As evidenced by the obtained results, the combined use of genistein and swimming could prevent estrogen deficiency effects in the hippocampus of ovariectomized diabetic rats http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-350-en.pdf 2021-10-13 178 185 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.102 Diabetes Genistein Ovariectomy Spatial Memory Swimming Shirin Babri shirinb46@yahoo.com 1 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-3152 Parisa Habibi pa.habibi@umsha.ac.ir 2 Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8630 Fatemeh Nouri fatemenouri1@gmail.com 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-8923 Mehdi Khazaei MehdiKhazaei1999@gmail.com 4 Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-3158 Sepehr Nayebi Rad 5 Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-3150 Gonja Javani gonja113@yahoo.com 6 Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0256-3157
OTHERS_CITABLE Effectiveness of Brainwave Synchronization in Alpha, Beta, and Theta Bands by Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Working Memory Background and Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of synchronization of brain waves in alpha, beta, and theta bands by the Binaural beats on visuospatial working memory. Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. In this regard, 60 students were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group (n=15 each). All subjects were assessed in the pre-test and post-test stages by the Corsi blocks tapping test. Participants in the experimental groups received 15, 9, 5, and 6 Hz binaural beats for 12 min. The collected data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance. Results: The findings showed that 15 Hz binaural beats (beta bands) significantly improved the subject's visuospatial working memory (P<0.05). Conclusions: Given that working memory is the basis of numerous cognitive functions, using 15 Hz binaural beats could improve the visuospatial working memory in these people http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-335-en.pdf 2021-10-13 186 191 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.103 working memory brain waves cognitive functions Ezzatollah Ahmadi amiraliahmadi91@yahoo.com 1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-3624 Hassan Bafandeh Gharamaleki h_bafandeh@yahoo.com 2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-7598 Siamak Dadashi siamakdadashi94@gmail.com 3 PhD student of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tabriz AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-4196 Habibollah Rasouli rasouli_habib@yahoo.com 4 MSc in Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1330-302X
OTHERS_CITABLE Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Hypertension among Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Background and Objective: Marital Reducing stressors is an effective way to decrease blood pressure and its other associated symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on metabolic syndrome among patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: This experimental research was conducted based on a pretest-posttest control group design. A total number of 50 cardiovascular patients referring to Shahrekord Cohort Study, Shahrekord, Iran, in 2019 were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 each). Metabolic syndrome indices, including blood pressure, blood sugar, glucose triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, were used to collect the required data. All groups received the same standard medications under the supervision of an interventional cardiologist. In addition to the standard medical treatment, the experimental group received the intervention of MBSR (eight 90-minute sessions). The control group did not receive any non-pharmacological intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that MBSR was effective in improving metabolic syndrome symptoms in cardiovascular patients with hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusions: The employment of MBSR along with medical and pharmacological treatments could help cardiovascular disease patients to improve the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-341-en.pdf 2021-10-13 192 198 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.104 Heart disease Metabolic syndrome Mindfulness-based stress reduction Stress Cognitive Kourosh Shahbazi shahbazinsrn@gmail.com 1 Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-8328 Marjan Hosseinzadeh Taghvaei msjantaghvai@gmail.com 2 Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5774-7314 Seyed Kamal Solati mozsoltan@gmail.com 3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-0373 Arsalan Khaledifar kayatmah@gmail.com 4 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-171X Mahdi Shahnazari sahezarian@gmail.com 5 Department of Psychology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5838-2297
OTHERS_CITABLE Comparison of the Effectiveness of Resilience Training and Emotion Regulation on Psychological Well-being and Self-efficacy of Firefighters  Background and Objective: Firefighters are at risk of mental health deterioration due to their stressful jobs, and psychological skills training plays a positive role in this regard. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation training on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with a multi-group pretest-posttest control group design. In autumn 2018, forty-five Ardabil firefighters selected by simple random sampling were randomly assigned into three groups of resiliency-training (n=15), emotion-regulation-training (n=15), and control (n=15). All three groups completed the demographic questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale (​Scherer et al., 1982) in the pre-test and post-test stages. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software (version16) through the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation had a significant effect on one’s psychological well-being and self-efficacy. The results of the post hoc test also indicated that the effectiveness of resiliency training and emotion-regulation on one’s self-efficacy was significantly different and resiliency training was more effective than emotion-regulation training. Conclusions: Resiliency training and emotion-regulation training were effective on the psychological well-being and self-efficacy of firefighters. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-288-en.pdf 2021-10-13 199 204 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.105 Emotion-regulation training Firefighters Resiliency-training Niloofar Sharifi Niloofarsharifi266@gmail.com 1 Department of Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-8135 Sajjad Basharpoor basharpoor_sajjad@yahoo.com 2 Department of Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2920-2605 Mohammad Narimani m_narimaniuma.ac.ir 3 Department of Psychology, School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-4046
OTHERS_CITABLE Cognitive Consequences of Cataract Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study Background and Objective: The age-related cataract is a leading cause of vision loss, and cataract surgery is the most common intraocular surgery. Patients with cataracts may develop mild cognitive impairment due to blurred vision and vision problems. In this regard, the improvement of vision after cataract surgery may affect their cognitive function. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 32 patients aged 40-60 years who were referred to the ophthalmology clinic of Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan with a diagnosis of bilateral cataracts within 2019-2020. Cognitive function was assessed in patients with Mini-Mental-State-Examination (MMSE) test and clock-drawing test before and after ocular cataract surgery. Patient data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using paired t-test at a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.91±4.51 years, and the majority of them (62.5%)were male. Before and after cataract surgery, the mean scores of the MMSE test were 25.09±3.25 and 26.19±2.69, and the mean scores of the clock-drawing test were reported as  3.34±1.49 and 3.72±1.32 (P=0.001). Based on the MMSE and clock-drawing test, 54.4% and 65.6% of patients, respectively, had improved cognitive function, as compared to before the surgery. Conclusions: Cognitive function in patients with cataracts was significantly improved by cataract surgery. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-372-en.pdf 2021-10-13 205 208 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.106 Cataract Cognitive Function Cataract Surgery Nooshin Bazzazi n_bazzazi@yahoo.com 1 Associate prof, Department of ophthalmology, faculty of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamedan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-2893 Pantea Mehraban pantea.mehraban2000@gmail.com 2 G.P, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 Mohammad Ali Seifrabiei seifrabiei@yahoo.com 3 Associate prof, Department of Social Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-1703 Mohammad Ahmadpanah m1ahmad2000@gmail.com 4 Professor, Research center for behavioral disorders and substances abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-2460
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of Yalom Group therapy on the Resilience and Meaning in Life of the Nurses in Covid-19 Centers Background and Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of the Yalom group therapy on the resilience and meaning in life of the nurses fighting COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This quasi-intervention pre-test post-test research was conducted with a control group. Statistical population of this study included all the nurses of the hospitals of Hamedan who cared for the COVID-19 patients in 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 nurses were randomly selected and divided equally into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was treated by the Yalom group therapy for 10 sessions. Evaluation tools were the Connor-Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and The Meaning in Life Questionnaire of Steger et al. which were completed by both groups at pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 24). Results: The significance level of the difference between the mean scores of "meaning in life" was less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Hence, the difference between the means was significant and it can be said that the Yalom group therapy affects the meaning in life. According to the eta-squared value, the extend of this impact was about 64%. Moreover, the difference between the mean of the resilience scores of the intervention and control group was 58.94 and the significance level of this value was less than 0.05 (F [1 and 27] =58.937, P=0.001). Therefore, the difference between the means of the resilience scores of the intervention and control groups was significant with 95% confidence. It can be said that the Yalom group therapy had a significant impact on the resilience of the nurses. Conclusion: The results can be used to maintain and care for the mental health of nurses during severe disease epidemics, such as the Coronavirus epidemic. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-353-en.pdf 2021-10-13 209 214 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.107 Coronavirus Covid-19 Group therapy Meaning in life Nurse Resilience Arya Haddadi arya.haddadi@gmail.com 1 Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9149-2877 Mohammad Esmail Ebrahimi Mse58_2007@yahoo.com 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-6915 Narges Zamani n.zamani1367@yahoo.com 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-7224 Nikinaz Zarabian nikinaz.zarabian@gmail.com 4 Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medical Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1232-6967
OTHERS_CITABLE Role of Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems in Symptoms of Major Depression Disorder Regarding the Mediating Role of Cognitive Bias Background: This study aimed to investigate the role of the behavioral activation and inhibition systems in symptoms of major depressive disorder, considering the mediating role of cognitive bias. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational research was all the students of Ahvaz Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran during the academic year 2015-16. In total, 300 students were selected using the multistage sampling method, and finally, 279 students participated in this research. Data were collected using the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems Scale, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, coefficient correlation, and structural equation modeling in SPSS (version 22), Lisrel (version 8.80), and Mplus (version 6.12) software. Results: The results showed that cognitive bias mediated the influence of behavioral inhibition and activation systems on depressive disorder. Based on the findings, all of the direct and indirect effects of the model were significant. The model itself had a suitable index of fit, and cognitive bias significantly affected major depressive disorder symptoms. In the final model, the direct effect of the behavioral inhibition system was added to depression. Moreover, the indirect effect of the behavioral activation system on depression was not significant. Conclusion: The proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the result and was an essential step in recognition of the significant factors of major depressive disorder. It can be useful as a model for designing stress management programs and decreasing major depression disorder. http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-281-en.pdf 2021-10-13 215 221 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.4.108 Behavioral activation system Behavioral inhibition system Cognitive bias Depression disorder Afsane Farashbandi dr.Farashbandi@gmail.com 1 Ph.D. Student of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6676-5538 Fariba Hafezi febram315@yahoo.com 2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-3667 Zahra Eftekhar Saadi Eftekharsaadi@yahoo.com 3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-602X Alireza Heidari Arheidarie43@gmail.com 4 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-3057