en Health Education and Promotion پژوهشي Research Article <span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="color:black">Background and Objective:</span></b> Psychological hardiness and adjustment play pivotal roles in determining the quality of life of individuals with sensory disabilities. Although their importance is widely recognized, the precise mechanisms linking these factors remain unclear. This study examined the mediating roles of frustration tolerance and social support in the relationship between psychological hardiness and psychological maladjustment among individuals with sensory disabilities.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></b> Using a descriptive-analytic correlational design, this study recruited a convenience sample of 300 individuals with sensory disabilities (visual or hearing impairments) receiving services at welfare centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2024. Data were collected using validated questionnaires measuring psychological hardiness, psychological adjustment, frustration tolerance, and social support. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling (SEM) conducted in Smart PLS software were employed to assess direct and indirect relationships among the variables.</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:.1pt">Results:</span></span></b> Psychological hardiness showed a significant direct negative association with psychological maladjustment (<i>p</i><0.001), indicating that higher hardiness was associated with lower maladjustment (i.e., better psychological adjustment). Both frustration discomfort (higher Harrington Frustration Tolerance Questionnaire scores indicating lower actual frustration tolerance) and social support significantly mediated the relationship between hardiness and maladjustment (<i>p</i><0.001).</span></span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><b><span style="color:black">Conclusions:</span></b> These findings highlight the critical contributions of psychological hardiness, frustration tolerance, and social support to psychological adjustment in individuals with sensory disabilities. They underscore the need for therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions that simultaneously strengthen hardiness, enhance frustration tolerance, and build robust social support networks to foster greater resilience and well-being.</span></span></span></span><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><span style="font-family:Optima"></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Adaptation, Disabled persons, Frustration, Psychological, Social support 222 228 http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1543-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fedra Shoaa nedshotned@gmail.com 10031947532846008846 0009-0001-5265-6621 No Department of Psychology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyedeh Fatemeh Hassani f.hassani@iautmu.ac.ir 10031947532846008847 0009-0002-4688-094X Yes Department of Psychology, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran