en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research Article <aside style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial; word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 11px;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">Background:</span>&nbsp;Working memory is the ability to keep and manipulate information in a short time. Children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are among the people suffering from deficiency in the active memory, and this deficiency has been attributed to the problem of frontal lobe. This study utilized a new approach with suitable tasks and methods for training active memory and assessment of its effects.</p> </aside> <aside style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial; word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 11px;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">Objectives:</span>&nbsp;This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medicinal and behavioral therapies on working memory of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.</p> </aside> <aside style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial; word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 11px;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">Patients and Methods:</span>&nbsp;The children participating in this study were 7 - 15 years old, and were diagnosed with ADHD by the psychiatrist and psychologist based on DSM-IV criteria. The intervention group comprised 8 boys and 6 girls with the average age of 11 (&plusmn; 2) years, and the control group comprised 2 girls and 5 boys with an average age of 11.4 (&plusmn; 3). Three children in the test group and 2 in the control group were under medicinal therapy.</p> </aside> <aside style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial; word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 11px;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">Results:</span>&nbsp;Training of working memory significantly improved the performance in nontrained areas as visual-spatial working memory as well as the performance in Raven progressive tests which are a perfect example of nonverbal, complicated reasoning tasks.</p> </aside> <aside style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Lato, Arial; word-wrap: break-word; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 11px;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; margin: 0px 0px 10px; font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word; font-weight: 700;">Conclusions:</span>&nbsp;The performance of working memory improved through training, and these trainings extended to other areas of cognition functions not receiving any training. Trainings resulted in the improvement of performance in the tasks related to prefrontal area. They had also a positive and significant impact on the movement activities of hyperactive children.</p> </aside> Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, Memory in Children, Drug Therapy 55 59 http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-31&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Ahmadpanah 1003194753284600132 1003194753284600132 Yes Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran Mohammad Haghighi 1003194753284600133 1003194753284600133 No Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran Ali Ghaleiha 1003194753284600134 1003194753284600134 No Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran Leila Jahangard 1003194753284600135 1003194753284600135 No Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran Marzieh Nazaribadie 1003194753284600136 1003194753284600136 No Behavioral Disorders and Substances Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IR Iran Amineh Akhondi m1_ahmad2000@yahoo.com 1003194753284600137 1003194753284600137 No Hamadan Educational Organization, Ministry of Education, Hamadan, IR Iran